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The current study is focused on exploring the possibility of reinforcing syntactic foams with carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Syntactic foams are hollow, particle-filled composites that are widely used in marine structures and are now finding applications in other modes of transportation due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio. The compressive properties of syntactic foams reinforced with CNFs are characterized...
TiNi shape memory alloy and its composite using δ-Al2O3 nanosize particles were prepared by the powder metallurgy method, and some mechanical properties like hardness, wear, and corrosion behavior were investigated. The experimental results exhibited that the lower wear rate was obtained for the nano-Al2O3-reinforced Ti alloy composite due to increased hardness, but the wear rate increased considerably...
The macroscopic behavior of polycrystalline materials is influenced by the local variation of properties caused by the presence of impurities and defects. The effect of these impurities at the atomic scale can either embrittle or strengthen grain boundaries (GBs) within. Thus, it is imperative to understand the energetics associated with segregation to design materials with desirable properties. In...
This article focuses on the manufacture and usage of selected sheet metal objects from helmets, a vessel, and two shields from the European Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, which date from the thirteenth to seventh centuries BC. Manufacturing traces on the surface, as well as metallographic investigations and the analyses of the alloy composition with scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive x-ray...
Tuning the properties of nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films is very important in the technology of photonics, detectors, and computing devices. This can be achieved through the appropriate selection of the synthesis techniques, types and concentrations of the chemicals, deposition parameters, and postdeposition heat treatments. In addition, control of the properties can be achieved by...
Shadia J. Ikhmayies is the guest editor for the Materials Characterization Committee of the TMS Extraction & Processing Division, and coordinator of the topic Characterization of Nanomaterials in this issue.
Precession-enhanced diffraction (PED) is a transmission electron microscopy technique that allows for pseudo-kinematical diffraction conditions to occur. Using collected spot patterns, PED has successfully been demonstrated to provide for phase and orientation mapping in a variety of materials. One major advantage of PED is the fine spatial resolution, on the order of a few nanometers, allowing previously...
Interface-dominated nanolayered crystalline composites exhibit extraordinary strength and hardness, far beyond those of their constituent materials. Modeling the deformation of such materials would aid in understanding and designing them for future applications. This task is a multiscale effort. Up to now, most modeling efforts lie at either the atomic scale or the mesoscale. Models that link the...
The effect of crystalline structure on intergranular failure during shock loading has been examined. A suite of dynamic tensile experiments, using plate-impact testing, were conducted on copper (face-centered cubic) and tantalum (body-centered cubic) specimens with different grain sizes (30–200 μm). These experiments were designed to probe void nucleation, growth, and coalescence processes that for...
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has become established as a convenient and accurate method for obtaining texture information. In friction stir welding, however, the complex, three-dimensional curvature of the deposited shear layers causes the textures to vary in orientation across the weld nugget. Only rarely are the EBSD data acquired in the shear deformation frame of reference. Thus, an...
In this article, we highlighted twinning-associated boundaries that play crucial roles in nucleation, growth, and interactions of deformation twins. According to microscopic characterizations and atomistic simulations in Mg, three types of boundaries are reviewed, including (I) prismatic-basal boundaries associated with twin nucleation via pure-shuffle mechanism, (II) serrated coherent twin boundaries...
Enhancing the light trapping using nonwoven arrays of fibers has the potential to improve the photocurrent of silicon solar cells. In this work, amorphous and crystalline Si nanopowders (30–300 nm) were embedded in carbon fibers and fixed in place with electrodeposited nickel. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been used to study the morphology of the Si particles and their...
Boron-doped strontium-stabilized bismuth cobalt oxide thermoelectric nanocrystalline ceramic powders were produced by using a polymeric precursor technique. The powders were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and physical properties measurement system (PPMS) techniques. The XRD results showed that these patterns have a two-phase mixture. The phases...
In common with many cephalopod mollusks, cuttlefish produce an internal biomineral buoyancy device. This cuttlebone is analogous to a surf board in shape and structure, providing rigidity and a means of controlling buoyancy. The cuttlebone is composed of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite and comprises an upper dorsal shield and a lower lamellar matrix. The lamellar matrix comprises layers...
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